ADVERBIAL CLAUSE
a
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When
we were in Jakarta, we saw several plays.
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When we were in Jakarta,
adalah adverbial clause. Ini tidak bisa berdiri sendiri. Tergantung dengan
kalimat lain. Jika berada di depan, gunakan koma sesudahnya.
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b
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We saw several plays when we were in Jakarta.
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c
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Because she was sleepy, he fall asleep.
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Seperti juga when, because menyatakan adverbial clause. Because he was sleepy adalah
adverbial clause.
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d
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She fall asleep because she was sleepy.
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SUMMARY LIST OF WORDS TO INTRODUCE ADVER CLAUSE
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TIME
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CAUSE
AND EFECT
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OPPOSITION
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CONDITION
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after
before
when
while
as
by
the time
sine
until
as
soon as
once
as/so
long as
whenever
every
time (that)
the
first time (that)
the
next time (that)
the
last time (that)
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because
Since
now and that
as
as/so long as
inasmuch as
so ………that
in order to
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even though
although
though
whereas
while
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if
unless
only if
whether or not
even if
providing (that)
provided (that)
in case
(that)
in the case (that)
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Words that introduce
adverbs are called subordinating conjunction.
N
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Adv.
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Examples
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Explanations
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1
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after
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a) After she graduates, she will get a
job.
b) She got a job after she had graduated.
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Kita menggunakan present tense, dlam kalimat
adverbial clauses bukan future tense.
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2
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before
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c) I will leave before he comes.
d) Before
he came, I had left.
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3
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when
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e) When I arrived, he was talking on the
phone.
f) He had already left when I got there.
g) When
it began to rain, I stood under a tree.
h) I visited the museum when I was in Jogjakarta.
i) When
I see him tomorrow, I will ask him.
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when (ketika) = at that time.
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4
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while
as
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j) While
I was walking home, it began to rain.
k) As
I was walking home, it began to rain.
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while, as (sat, ketika)= during that time (pada waktuitu)
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5
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by the time
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l) By
the time he arrived, we had already left
m) By
the time he comes, we will already have left
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by the time (sewaktu) = one event is
completed before another event. (Gunakan past perfect dan future perfect pada
kalimat utama)
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6
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since
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n) I haven’t seen him since he left this morning
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since (sejak)= dari waktuitu sampai sekarang. (Gunakan present
perfect tense dalam kalimatutama)
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7
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until
till
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o) We stayed there until we finished our work
p) We stayed there till we finished our work
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until, till (sampai) = sampai waktu itu
kemudian tidak lagi. (till dalam percakapan bukan tertulis)
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8
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as soon as
once
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q) We will leave as soon as it stop raining,
r) Once
it stops raining, we will leave.
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as soon as, once = Ketika sebuah peristiwa terjadi, peristiwa lain
menyusul
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9
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as long as
so long as
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s) As
long as I live, I will never speak to him anymore.
t) I will never speak to him so long as I leave.
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as long as, so long as = seluruh waktu dari
awal hingga khir
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10
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whenever
every time
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u) I always say hello whenever I see him.
v) Every
time I see him, I always say hello.
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whenever = every time (kapan saja, setiap waktu)
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11
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the first time,
the last time,
the next time
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w) The
first time I went to Bali, I went to Kuta Beach about ten years ago
I saw
two plays the last time I went to Bali last year
The next time I go to Bali, I will see a ballet. Maybe next five years.
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adverb clause bias dikenali dari:
the
(first,
second, third, last next) time
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LATIHAN 1:
Lengkapi kalimat di bawah ini dengan memperhatikan pada bentuk kata
kerja.
1. Last night I went to bad after I……………my
homework.
2. Tonight I will go to bed after I…………..my
homework.
3. Ever since I was a child, I ……………afraid of
dogs.
4. John’s contact lens popped out while he
………basketball.
5. Be sure to reread your composition for errors
before you……………..it in to the teacher tomorrow.
6. By the time I left my apartment this morning,
the mail carrier …………the mail.
7. I have known July since she ………..ten years
old.
8. A black cat ran across the road as I …………..my
car to work this morning.
9. By the time I leave this city, I ……….here for
four months.
10. Whenever Herman ……..angry, his nose gets red.
11. I ………….to the beach whenever the weather was
nice, but now I don’t have time to do that because I have to study.
12. We still have a big party when …………………………..
13. The next time I……………….to Bali, I will go to
all beaches there.
14. I had fried chicken the last time I ……………at
that restaurant.
15. By the time I entered this room, some of the
students…………..the classroom.
LATIHAN 2:
Buatlah kalimat dengan menggunakan kata ‘until’ dari kalimat yang
disediakan
1. I can’t pay my bill. I haven’t gotten my
pocket money from my parents yet.
Ø I can’t
pay the bill until my pocket money
comes.
2. We can’t leave the class. We wait for our
teacher gives announcement.
Ø ……………………………………until……………………………………
3. Tell me the truth, or I am not going to leave
this room.
Ø ……………………………………until.…………………………….……
4. Dinner will not be ready for a while. I think
we should just sit here watching TV.
Ø Let’s ………………………………until……………………………….......
5. When I go to bed at night, I like to read.
After a while, I get sleepy.
Ø …………………………………..…until………………………….………
LATIHAN 3:
Kombinasikan kalimat
satu dengan yang lainnya dengan menggunakan as soon as, dan once. As soon as dan once sama artinya, hanya as
soon as lebih segera. Kadang just
digunakan sebelum as soon as unutk menekankan maksud ‘immediately”
Conntoh: I call him jus as soon as I get home.
1. The taxi gets in five minutes or so. Then, we
can leave for the airport.
ü As soon as the taxi gets here, we can leave for the airport.
2. The rice will be done in about ten minutes. I
immediately after that, we can have breakfast.
ü ………………………………………………………………………………..
3. First, I have to graduate. Then, I can
continue to university.
ü ………………………………………………………………………………..
4. Your English will get better. Then you will
begin to feel more comfortable living in the United States.
ü …………………………………………………………………………..
5. Immediately after the singer finished her
song, the audiences burst into applause.
ü …………………………………………………………………………...
LATIHAN 4:
Dengan menggunakan
informasi yang disediakan, buatlahkalimat dengan menggunakan just after, just before, atau just as. Ingat bahwa ‘just’ mengandnagarti “immediately”
1. The students got into the class at 07:00. The
teacher cam five minute later.
Ø The students got into the class just before the teacher came.
Ø The teacher came just after the students got into the class.
2. I went to bed at 10:00 PM. The phone rang at
11:10
Ø ………………………………………………….
3. You shouldn’t eat heavy meal and then go to
bed immediately afterward.
Ø ………………………………………………………………
4. I am getting on the bus. At that moment, I
remembered that I had left my briefcase at home.
Ø …………………………………………………………………………..
5. We were sitting down to eat. At that moment,
someone knocked on the door.
Ø …………………………………………………………………
1)
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After I had breakfast, I went to school.
I went to school after I had breakfast.
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After digunakan
untuk adverbial clause.
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2)
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I had breakfast. Afterwards,
I went to school.
I had breakfast. I went to school afterward.
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Afterwards itu
adverb, yang punya arti later (nanti), after that (sesudah itu).
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LATIHAN 5:
Gabungkan dua
kalimat berikut dengan menggunakan after
dan afterwards seperti pada ccontoh
di atas. Perhatikan penggunaan tanda baca.
1. First: I studied.
Then: I
went to bed.
Ø …………………………………………………………
2. First: We went to museum.
Then: We
had some lunch.
Ø ………………………………………………………….
3. First: He was in an aut6o mobile accident.
Then: He had to walk on crutches for three months.
Ø …………………………………………………………….
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