DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH (PERCAKAPAN LANGSUNG DAN TAKLANGSUNG)

Reported Speech (Percakapan Tak Langsung ) Reported speech refers to using a noun clause to report what someone has said. No question marks are used. Notice the changes in the verb forms from quoted speech to reported speech in the following examples.
(a) She said, “I watch TV every day.”	She said (that, can be omitted/bisa dihilangkan) she watched TV every day.
(b) She said, “I am watching TV now.”	She said that she was watching TV then.
(c) She said, “I have watched TV today.”	She said she had watched TV that day.
(d) She said, “I watched TV last night.”	She said she had watched TV the night before.
(e) She said, “I will watch TV next week.”	She said she would watch TV the following week.
(f) She said, “I am going to watch TV tonight.”	She said she was going to watch TV that night.
(g) She said, “I can watch TV every Sunday.”	She said she could watch TV every Sunday.
(h) She said, “I may watch TV next Saturday.”	She said she might watch TV the following Saturday.
(i) She said, “I might watch TV two days ago.”	She said she might watch TV two days before.
(j) She said, “I must watch TV this afternoon.”	She said she had to watch TV that afternoon.
(k) She said, “have to watch TV this week.”	She said she had to watch TV that week.
(l) She said, “I should watch TV here.”	She said she should watch TV there.
(m) She said, “I ought to watch TV these days.”	She said she ought to watch TV tose days.
(n) She said, “Watch TV now!”	She told me to watch TV then.
(o) She said, “Do you watch TV every night?”	She asked (me) if/whether I watched TV every night.
General Guidelines on Tense Usage A Noun Clause (1)   If the reporting verb (the main verb of the sentence, e.g., said) is in the past, the verb in the noun clause will usually also be in the past form. (2)   This formal sequence of tenses in the noun clauses is used in both speaking and writing. However sometimes in spoken English, no change is made in the noun clause verb, especially if the speaker is reporting something immediately or soon after it was said. Immadiate reporting: A: What did the teacher just say? I didn’t hear him. B: He said he wants us to read Chapter Six. Later reporting           X: I didn’t go to class yesterday. Did Mr. Jones make any assignment? Y: Yes. He said he wanted us to read Chapter Six (3)   Also, sometimes the present tense is retained even in the formal English when the reported sentence deals with a general truth: She said that the world is round. (4)   When the reporting verb is simple present tense, present perfect, or future, the noun clause verb is not changed. Have a close look at the samples below!
She says, “I watch TV every day.”	She says she watches TV every day.
She has said, “I watch TV every Sunday.”	She has said that she watches TV every Sunday.
She will say, “I watch TV every night.”	She will say that she watces TV every night.
In reported speech, an imperative sentence is changed to an infinitive on. ‘Tell’ is used instead of ‘say’ as the reporting verb. Also note that ‘tell’ is immediately followed by a (pro) noun object, but ‘say’ ins not. He told me he would be late. He said he would be late. Also possible: He said to me he would be late.