KINDS OF TEXT: 6. EXPLANATION

KINDS OF TEXT: 6. EXPLANATION

Standar Kompetensi Lulusan: Menetukan gambaran umum informasi tertentu informasi rinci tersurat tukjuan komunikasi makna kata atau frasa dari sebuah text berbentuk explanation yang disajikan.

Material:  

Definition of Explanation:

An explanation is a text which tells how (the process) or why (the reasons)  something happens, for example how chocolate is mad or why the sky is blue.

Generic Structure of Explanation

ü A general statement:  Introducing or identifying the phenomenon.

ü A series of statement:  (explanation) that tells how something happened or why something occurred.

ü A conclusion/explanation: sums up the explanation and talks about its application: may also give examples.

Language Feature of Explanation

1. Technical terms- evaporation, degradation.

2. Action verb- and present tense-.runs, develop

3. Passive voice- water is polluted by

4. Cause and effect terms- because of, due to, therefore, as a result

Example of Explanation

Story	Generic Structure
The Greenhouse Effect             Have you ever seen a greenhouse? Greenhouses are used to grow plants, especially in the winter. Greenhouses work by trapping heat from the sun. The glass panels of the greenhouse let in light but keep heat from escaping. This causes the greenhouse to heat up, much like the inside of a car parked in sunlight, and keeps the plants warm enough to live in the winter.	General Statement
The Earth’s atmosphere is all around us. It is the air that we breathe. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere behave much like the glass panes in a greenhouse. Sunlight enters the atmosphere, passing through the blanket of greenhouse gases. Ad it reaches the Earth’s surface, land, water and biosphere absorb the sunlight’s energy. Once absorbed, this energy is sent back into the atmosphere. Some of the energy passes back into space, but much of it remains trapped in the atmosphere by the greenhouse gases, causing our world to heat up.	Explanation
The greenhouse effect is important. Without the greenhouse effect, the Earth would not be warm enough for humans to live. But if the greenhouse effect becomes stronger, it could make the Earth warmer than usual. Even a little extra warming may cause problems for humans, plants and animals.	Conclusion

KINDS OF TEXT: 5. RECAOUNT

KINDS OF TEXT: 5. RECAOUNT

Standar Kompetensi Lulusan: Menetukan informasi tertentu pikiran utama paragraf informasi tersirat makna kata atau frasa dari seuah teks berbentuk recaunt yang disajikan.

Material:  

Social Function of Recount

To retell events for the purpose of informing or entertaining

Definition of Recount

Recount is a text which retells events or experiences in the past. Its purpose is entertaining either to inform or to entertain the audience.  There is no complication among the participants and the differences from narrative.

Generic Structure of Recount

ü Orientation:  Introducing the participants, places, and time.

ü Events:  Describing series of event that happened in the past.

ü Reorientation: It is optional. Stating personal comment of the writer to the story.

Language Feature of Recount

1. Introducing personal participant: I my group, etc.

2. Using chronological connection: first, then, next after that, ad then, after, before etc.

3. Using linking verb:  was, were, saw, went, heard, etc.

4. Using action verb: moved, changed,

Types of Recount

1. Personal Recount : Retelling of an activity that the writer/speaker has been personally involved in. (e.g. : oral anecdote, diary entry)

2. Factual Recount :  Recording the particular of an incident (e.g.: report of a science experiment, police report, news report, historical recount)

3. Imaginative Recount : talking on an imaginary role and giving details of events(e.g.:  a day in the life of a Roman slave, how I invented….)

Example of Recount Text

Generic Structure	The Story
Orienta-tion	Vacation to London             Mr. Richard’s family was on vacation. They are Mr. and Mrs. Richard with two sons. They went to London. When they saw their travel agent and booked their tickets. They went to the British Embassy to get visa to enter Britain. They booked fourteen days tour. This includes travel and accommodation. They also included tours around London.
Events	They boarded a large Boeing flight. The flight was nearly fourteen hours. On the plane the cabin crews were very friendly. They gave them news paper and magazine to read.  They gave them food and drink. There was a film for their entertainment. They had a very pleasant flight. They slept part the way. On arrival at Heathrow Airport, they had to go to Customs and Immigration.            The officers were pleasant. They checked the document carefully but their manners were very polite. Mr. Richard and his family collected their bags and went to London Welcome Desk. They arranged the transfer to a hotel.
Reorien-tation	The hotel was a well-known four-star hotel. The room had perfect view of the park. The room had its own bathroom and toilet. Instead of keys for the room, they inserted a key-card to open the door. On the third floor, there was a restaurant serving Asian and European food. They had variety of food. The two week in London went by fast. At the end of the 14-day, they were quite tired but they felt very happy.

KINDS OF TEXT: 4. NEWS ITEM

KINDS OF TEXT: 4. NEWS ITEM

Standar Kompetensi Lulusan: Menentukan gambaran umum, informasi tertentu rinci tersurat maksa kata atau frasa dari sebuiah teks berbentuk news item yang disajikan.

Material: The purpose of News Item to inform reader, listeners, or viewers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or inessential or important.

The generic Structure of News Items

Ø Newsworthy event:  recount the event in summary: bagian in merupakan ringkasan berita dari news item, Paragraf pembuka ini hanya mempunyai satu kalimat saja. Kalimat di sebuah news item merupakan bagian pokok. Pertanyaan tentang gambaran umum dari sebuag news item terdapar di dalam paragraph pertamna ini.

Ø Background Event: elaborate what happened to whom, in what circumstances. Background event merupakan bagian yang membangun sebuah berita. nagian ini terdiri atas kapan (wahen), kejadiannya, di mana (where) , mengapa (why) , berapa lama kejadiannya (how long) dan apa yang terjadi (what happened)/

Ø Source: comments by participants in, witnesses to and authorities/expert on the event. sumber berita (source) biasanya menjawab pertanyaan siapakah yang menjadi nara sumber (who)

Significant Lexicogrammatical Features.

Ø Short telegraphic information about story captured in headline                                          (Informasi telagrafis singkat tentang cerita yang ditangkap dari hedline)

Ø Using material processes to tell the event. (menggunakan kata-kata kerja yan dapat diukur prosesnya untuk menceritakan peristiwa)

Ø Using projecting verbal process in sources storage. (Menggunakan proses-proses verbal dalam sumber.

Ø Focusing on circumstances. (Memfokukan pada keadaan).

Contoh News Item:

LONDON: Hollywood actor Will Smith won an apology and undisclosed damages in London court on Friday a false claim that he had described World War Two Nazi leader Adolf Hitler as a “good person”.	Newsworthy Event
Oscar-nominated star, one of the worlds’ most popular and highly paid actors, was left deeply distress and accurately embarrassed over the wrong story published by an entertainment newswire service, the High Court heard.              Smith’s comments, originally published in the Scottish Daily Record newspaper, were then: worthy misinterpreted” by the London \-based World ENTERTAINMENT News Network (WENN), judge Eady was told.              The agency, which says on its websites that it provides information to more than 1000 media outlet in 25 countries, picked up the interview and then person.              The article alleged (Smith) had declared in an interview that Nazi dictator Adolf Hitler was a good person, “Smith’s lawyer Rachel Atkins told the court. It wholly misinterprets (his) actual words. The allegations that he could think otherwise is deeply distressing … and has caused him acute embarrassment.” she said.             She said Smith, who was not in court, actually though Hitler was “vile and heinous”.	Background Events
WENN retracted the story and issued a correction and an apology, but no media published it, leaving the libel “at large”, Atkins said.              She said the undisclosed competition WENN had agreed to pay would be donated to an unnamed charity. It also will meet these large costs. –Reuters	Source

KINDS OF TEXT: 3. NEWS ITEM

KINDS OF TEXT: 3. NEWS ITEM

Standar Kokmpetensi Lulusan: Menentukan gambaran umum, informasi tertentu rinci tersurat maksa kata atau frasa dari sebuiah teks berbentuk news item yang disajikan.

Material: The purpose of News Item to inform reader, listeners, or viewers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or inessential or important.

The generic Structure of News Items

Ø Newsworthy event:  recount the event in summary: bagian in merupakan ringkasan berita dari news item, Paragraf pembuka ini hanya mempunyai satu kalimat saja. Kalimat di sebuah news item merupakan bagian pokok. Pertanyaan tentang gambaran umum dari sebuag news item terdapar di dalam paragraph pertamna ini.

Ø Background Event: elaborate what happened to whom, in what circumstances. Background event merupakan bagian yang membangun sebuah berita. nagian ini terdiri atas kapan (wahen), kejadiannya, di mana (where) , mengapa (why) , berapa lama kejadiannya (how long) dan apa yang terjadi (what happened)/

Ø Source: comments by participants in, witnesses to and authorities/expert on the event. sumber berita (source) biasanya menjawab pertanyaan siapakah yang menjadi nara sumber (who)

Significant Lexicogrammatical Features.

Ø Short telegraphic information about story captured in headline                                          (Informasi telagrafis singkat tentang cerita yang ditangkap dari hedline)

Ø Using material processes to tell the event. (menggunakan kata-kata kerja yan dapat diukur prosesnya untuk menceritakan peristiwa)

Ø Using projecting verbal process in sources storage. (Menggunakan proses-proses verbal dalam sumber.

Ø Focusing on circumstances. (Memfokukan pada keadaan).

Contoh News Item:

LONDON: Hollywood actor Will Smith won an apology and undisclosed damages in London court on Friday a false claim that he had described World War Two Nazi leader Adolf Hitler as a “good person”.	Newsworthy Event
Oscar-nominated star, one of the worlds’ most popular and highly paid actors, was left deeply distress and accurately embarrassed over the wrong story published by an entertainment news wire service, the High Court heard.              Smith’s comments, originally published in the Scottish Daily Record newspaper, were then: worthy misinterpreted” by the London \-based World ENTERTAINMENT News Network (WENN), judge Eady was told.              The agency, which says on its websites that it provides information to more than 1000 media outlet in 25 countries, picked up the interview and then person.              The article alleged (Smith) had declared in an interview that Nazi dictator Adolf Hitler was a good person, “Smith’s lawyer Rachel Atkins told the court. It wholly misinterprets (his) actual words. The allegations that he could think otherwise is deeply distressing … and has caused him acute embarrassment.” she said.             She said Smith, who was not in court, actually though Hitler was “vile and heinous”.	Background Events
WENN retracted the story and issued a correction and an apology, but no media published it, leaving the libel “at large”, Atkins said.              She said the undisclosed competition WENN had agreed to pay would be donated to an unnamed charity. It also will meet these large costs. –Reuters	Source