PENGGUNAAN CONDITIONAL DALAM PERCAKAPAN

I. PENGGUNAAN CONDITIONAL DALAM PERCAKAPAN

1. Boss : If I … that you can speak English well, I would send you to represent our company.

                     Employee: I took English course while I studied at Senior High School.

A. know

B. knows

C. knew

D. have known  

E. had known

2. Sarah:  Why don’t you rent this house?

                      Rusty: I …it if it were cheaper.

A. will rent

B. would rent

C. would have rented

D. rented

E. rent

3. “Had we announced our basketball competition on TV, many teams would have participated in our competition”. It means: …

A. They had announced on TV

B. They announced it on TV

C. They will announce it on TV

D. Many teams participated in their competition

E. They did not announced their basketball competition on TV

4. Riana : Had I known that you were my neighbor, I … to your house.

                      Saskatoon : I live there less than a year, so you haven’t know me yet.

A. will come

B. would come

C.  would have come

D.  come

E.  comes

5. Susan : Do you succeed in the interview test?

                     Trio : I wouldn’t succeed in the interview if I….. for it well.

A. prepared

B. am not preparing

C. had not prepared

D. did not prepare

E. prepare

6. Antonius : Why does the number of the foreign tourist decrease?

                      Guide : If the boom had not exploded in Bali and killed hundreds of                 people, many foreign tourists ……a long holiday here.

A. will take

B. would take

C. would have taken

D. would be taken

D. takes

7. Indri:  Do you know why Alisa is still unemployment?

                     Ricky:  Had Alisa known that English is very important,……

A. she will take an English course

B. she would take an English course

C. she would have taken an English course

D. she is going to take an English course

E. she  would be taken

8. Incan:  How do you want to fly to Madura next month, Unary?

                     Unary: Have I much money to buy the flight ticket 
                                 ….by Garuda

A. I would have flown

B. I am flying 

C. I would fly 

D. I will fly 

E. I fly

9. Incan: How was your impression to go to Madura, Unary?

                     Unary: Well, had I flown to Madura last month, 
                                  ….the bull race

A. I saw

B. I will see 

C. I would find

D. I wants to see

E. I would have seen 

10. Engrain: Tell me about the movie you and Yuri watch there!

                      Khan:  Well, if we had arrived at the theatre on time, ….the first act.

A. we would not miss

B. we don’t miss

C. we won’t miss

D. we could not miss

E. we wouldn’t have missed

11. Rainey: Why doesn’t our headmaster send Antonio abroad?

                        Susiana: You know, Antonio……to study abroad if he could speak                                        English well.

A. will send 

B. was sent

C. would be  sent

D. is going to be sent

E. wouldn’t have been

12. Employee : It seems the company performance is getting old, Susan.

                       Secretary : Had the president director not refused the restructure the            company for improvements, the performance of the company ….good.

A. was

B. will be

C. would be

D. is going to be

E. would have been

13. Student: I am sorry Sir; the paragraph is not so well arranged.

                       Lecturer: If you used a word-processor, you …. another paragraph to                                  your composition.

A. could have easily add

B. could easily add 

C. can easily add

D. can add asily

E. add easily

                 14.  Student A: What would you be doing right now if you ….in class?

                       Students B: I would be sleeping; I am very sleepy this moment                          because of late sleep last night.

A. were

B. are 

C. don’t 

D. weren’t 

E. aren’t

15. Ruddy:  Do you really mean it?

                        Raman: Of course! I …. it unless I meant it.

A. wouldn’t have said 

B.  would not say

C. didn’t say

D. won’t say 

E. will say

16. Kinsman: What were you late for the meeting yesterday?

                        Guzman: Well, I …. there on time, but I had a flat tire on the way.

A. were

B. would be 

C. would have been

D. wouldn’t be 

E. could be

17. Istria: How did you get to work this morning, An?

                        Andy: I drove.  I …. the bus, but I overslept.

A. will take 

B. would take

C.would have taken

D. don’t take

E.  took

18. Surya: Why isn’t Susan in class today?

                       Sugary: I don’t know, but I am sure,
                                     she …….absent unless she has a good reason.

A. will not be 

B. wouldn’t be 

C. will be

D. isn’t 

E. wasn’t

19. George: When did Mark graduate?

                        Markus: He didn’t.

                        George: Oh?

                        Markus: He had to quit school because of some trouble at home.                  Otherwise, he … last June.

A. wouldn’t graduate 

B. would graduate

C. graduated

D. will graduate

E. would have graduated

20. Alluvia : Are you coming to the party, Fernando?

                       Fernando : I don’t think so, but if I change my mind, 
                       I ….tell you.

A. would 

B. will

C. am

D. might

E. could

DERIVATIVE WORDS FROM NOUNS INTO ADJECTIVES

Another derivation in English is the derivation from noun into adjective, here are the four ways to change from noun to adjective:
1. By giving suffix or ending -y, from the original word or from he noun:
    anger kemarahan, angry marah. Cloud awan, cloudy berawan. Dust debu/kotoran, dusty   kotor/berdebu. Fun kesenangan/sesuatu yg menyenangkan, funny lucu. Fog kabut, foggy berkabut. hair rambut, hairy berambut. Health kesehatan. Healthy sehat. Noise kegaduhan, noisy gaduh. Rain hujan, rainy bersifat hujan/musim hujan. Sorrow kesedihan/kesusahan, sorry susah/sedih.Wealth kekayaan, wealthy kaya. Wind agin, windy berangin.
2. Ended with -ous
Danger bahaya, dangerous berbahaya. Delight kenyamanan, kenikmatan, delicious lezat, enak. Glory keagungan, kemegahan, glorious megah, agung. Mystery rahasia, mysterious penuh rahasia. Victory kemenangan/kecemerlangan, victorious menang/gemilang.
3. Suffix -ful
Care kepedulian/kehati-hatian, carefull peduli/hati-hati. Delight kenyamanan, delightfull nyaman. Doubt keraguan, doubtful ragu. Dread sesuatu yg mengerikan, dreatful mengerikan. Peace kedamaian, peaceful penuh dengan kedamaian. Power kekuatan, powerful penuh kekuatan. Respect penghormatan, respectful penuh hormat. Succes keberhasilan, successful berhasil. Wish keinginan, wishful berkeinginan. Wonder sesuatu yang menakjubkan/keajaiban, wonderful ajaib.
4. With the ending-al
Centrum sebagai tempat di pusat, central pusat. Condition keadaan conditional bersyarat sesuai dg kondisi. Education pendidikan, educational mengenai pendidikan. History sejarah, historical bersejarah. Origin asalnya/aslinya, original asli. Person orang, personal bersifat perseorangan. Scince pengetahuan, ilmu, scientifical ilmiah. Spirit kerohanian, spiritual rohaniah.

PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

Present Perfect Progressive is a tense which is used to express or state the ectivity or activities which was/were started from the certain time in the past and now it is/they are still progressing when it is/they are spoken.
The Patterns used to state those statement are:
+) Subject + have/has been+ V-ing + Object+ Adverb of time.
-) Subject + have/has been + V-ing + Object + Adverb of time.
?) Have/Has + subject + been + V-ing + Object + Adverb of time.
The adverbs of time used in this tense are:
up to now = sampai sekarang
until now = hingga kini
till now = sampai saat ini
since (followed by the point of time, diikuti tonggak waktu di waktu lampu, titik waktu sejak dimulainya) =sejak/semenjak
for (followed by the durantion or period of time the event is lasting or progressing untiuk now, diikuti durasi atau periode waktu berlangsungnya kegiatan itu sampai sekarang) = selama
Notes:
Subyek yang diikuti 'have; yaitu: They, We, I You (baca: Dewi ayu), dan kelompok suyek jamak, atau lebih dari satu, dengan ciri-ciri, ada kata-kata: Some (yang diikuti kata benda yg dpt dihitung/countable nouns), Many, few, a few, dsb. atau kata benda tertentu yg sudah mempunyai arti jamak seperti People = Orang-orang, Children, Oxen, men, women, dsb)
Sedangkan Subyek yang dikuti kata 'has' adalah He, She, It dan kelompok subyek tunggal, dg ciri-ciri ada kata-kata: One, An, A, some (yang diikuti uncountable nouns), Much, Any, dsb, atau semua kata benda yg tak dpt dihitung/Uncountable noun, sebelum kata benda subyek itu.
Examples:
1. They have been living in Indonesia for three years.
2. We have been waiting for our friends since 11 o'clock this moring.
3. I have been teaching English since I graduated from IEC in 1992.
4. You have been watching TV for hours so please switch off it now.
5. The doctor has been operating the patient since 10 o'clock in the morning and now it 11:15.
6. The patients have been sleeping on their beds until now.
7. The students have been studying since 07:00 this morning, and now the first period bell has already rung indicating 10:00.
8. The people have been waiting for the bus for long time but it has not arrived yet up to now.
9. The child has been crying for an hour, since he was left by his mother to the market.
10. Only a few students have been playing football on the field, some others have still been doing their test in the classroom waiting for the time over at 09:30.

DERIVATION FROM VERB INTO NOUN BY CHANGING THE FORM

Choose memilih, choice pilihan. Conquer, menaklukkan, conquest penaklukan. Draw menggambar, drawing gambar. Drink minum, draught tegukan. Fly terbang, flight penerbangan. Give memberi, gift pemberian. Know megetahui, knowledge pengetahuan. Live tinggal/hidup, life kehidupan. Loose menghilangkan, loss kehilangan. Pray menyembah, berdoa, bersembahyang, prayer, persembahan, doa. Sing menyanyi, song lagu/nyanyian. Receive menerima, receip tandaterima. See melihat, sight penglihatan. Speak berbicara, speech pidato.

And there are also the verbs which don't change at all in form into noun, but the meaning do.
Here are the words mentioned above:
aid membantu aid bantuan. Change mengubah/berubah, change perubahan. Dance menari, dance tarian. Drink meminum, minum, drink minuman. Escape melepas/meloloskan, escape kelolosan. Help membantu, help bantuan. Laugh tertawa, laugh tertawanya, tawaan. Look melihat/memandang, look pandangan. Love mencintai, love cinta.  Play bermain, play permainan. Plant menanam. plant tanaman. Ride mengendarai/berkendara, ride pengendaraan. Show mempertujukkan, show pertunjukan. Sleep tidur, sleep tidurya. Smile tersenyum, smile senyuman. Stay singgah bertempat tinggal sementara, stay singgahnya/tinggalnya. Visit berkunjung, mengunjugi, visit kunjungan. Walk berjalan, walk jalannya.